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If you keep an old Bob Marley compilation in your glovebox, just in case you crave some reggae on the way home, you may want to reconsider.
The Jamaican singer, along with Britney Spears, AC/DC and DJ Calvin Harris, are among the most dangerous artists to listen to while driving, according to new research.

One in ten young drivers admitted to crashing or having a near-miss because of songs by such artists, while the pace of these tracks was linked to faster driving and more traffic violations.
Psychologist Dr Simon Moore, commissioned by insurance company More Than, surveyed drivers between 17 and 25.
In an experiment that included brain imaging and cognitive safety analysis, the subjects were asked to complete a series of laps in driving simulators while listening to various kinds of music.
Fast-paced music - at 130 beats per minute or more - was linked to faster driving and more traffic violations, because it hampered reaction times and decision-making capabilities.
Music that was too slow, however, was  linked to poor performances and underestimating time.
One in ten young drivers has had a crash or a near-miss because of the music they were listening to while 90 per cent of subjects admitted they sing and dance along the song while driving (stock image)
One in ten young drivers has had a crash or a near-miss because of the music they were listening to while 90 per cent of subjects admitted they sing and dance along the song while driving (stock image)
The best performances were observed when the driver was listening to music at around 50-80 beats per minute.

MUSIC TO AVOID WHILE DRIVING

  • Fast-paced music (over 130 bpm) can make you drive faster and more recklessly
  • Slow-paced music worsens your driving performance and makes you underestimate time
  • Instrumental tracks are better than actual songs because lyrics are distracting
  • Volume levels should be kept below 107 decibels to avoid being distracted 
This is considered a 'golden mean' that resembles the rhythm of a human heartbeat.
Interviews with the motorists revealed that a third who had crashed while being distracted by music were listening to rock, followed by 33 per cent listening to pop, and 19 per cent playing dance music.
They also named a list of artists whose songs they blamed for their bad driving. 
Besides Bob Marley, Britney Spears and Calvin Harris, other singers labelled as too distracting were AC/DC, and the groups Linkin Park and Pendulum.
The particular songs listed by the respondents included Back in Black by AC/DC, Linkin Park's Numb, Toxic by Britney Spears, Calvin Harris' We Found Love, and Bob Marley's This Is Love.  
In addition, Dr Moore found that reggae listeners were more prone to near-misses and hazardous decisions, while the fans of heavy metal, hard rock, garage and some hip hop generally drove faster.
Other factors highlighted as negative influences on driving were the presence of lyrics and the volume. Similarly, a driver didn't like a song they could lose concentration. 
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Can you tell if someone is lying straight to your face?
Researchers in Montreal say most of us are fairly bad at this. They claim the problem may, in part, be the result of a socially ingrained 'truth bias.'
For some people who have conditions like autism, or suffer from diseases like Alzheimer's, separating fact from fiction particularly tricky.

Now researchers have created a series of videos that can test how well someone can spot different types of lies. 
Watch the video and take the quiz below to see how well you can spot a liar

DETECTING A WHITE LIE 

A team of Montreal researchers has developed an inventory of 926 short videos to visualize facial cues in social interactions.
Actors in the videos were asked to convey four intentions: to be sincere, tell a 'white lie,' tease the other actor, or be sarcastic.
The study found that certain indirect forms of speech like sarcasm proved to be more difficult for men to detect.
People with Autism spectrum disorders, or diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's have more difficulty detecting subtle intentions.
The videos can also be used to help train people on the signs they need to look out for when spotting subtle lies in the form of sarcasm or teasing.  
The Relational Inference and Social Communication (RISC) inventory was developed by Kathrin Rothermich of McGill's School of Communication Disorders and her colleague Marc Pell. 
'We tend to believe that people tell the truth most of the time,' says Rothermich.
'So sarcasm and white lies seem to go against a basic understanding of what 'should' be happening in conversation.' 
'This may be part of what makes them so difficult to recognize for some.'
The study involved 926 short videos, which feature scripted scenes played out by four actors.
The actors were asked to express specific intentions: to be sincere, tell a 'white lie,' tease the other actor, or be sarcastic.
Based on the inventory, the researchers also developed a quiz to test if participants can identify intentions based on facial cues.

HOW TO TRIP UP A LIAR

New research suggests that there may be a much easier way to spot a liar, and it's not by identifying the physical clues.
Asking 'open' questions, which prompt a person to elaborate on what's been said, has been found to be 20 times more effective in revealing a lie. 
Researchers used this method to 'find the liar,' among 1,000 airport passengers. 
If the initial question is 'Where do you work?' the study suggests a followup which focuses on smaller, verifiable details, like, 'What bus do you take?'
Using this technique, researchers were able to detect the liars 70 per cent of the time – 20 times more effectively than techniques such as looking for physical signs of lying.
'There are no consistent signs that always arise alongside deception,' Tom Ormerod of the University of Sussex told Metro.
'I giggle nervously, others become more serious, some make eye contact, some avoid it.'
Unanticipated questions will catch a liar off guard and make the falsehood become more obvious. 
The study found that participants were generally able to detect teasing, or truthful interactions. 
Sarcasm was more difficult for men to detect, though sarcasm between friends was found to be more recognizable.
'We discovered that the actors found it hardest to perform the scripts where they were being asked to tease one another,' says Rothermich.
'This may be because teasing doesn't always fit easily or logically into the conversation. 
'One of the things that some actors did was to speak with exaggerated or fake accents when they were teasing, which is something that other researchers have also reported.'
Non-literal speech, like sarcasm or a 'white lie,' may go against a person's understanding of the way a particular encounter is supposed to happen.
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In the bible, Jesus is described as having turned water into wine, but now scientists may be able to perform something close to their own 'miracle' - resurrecting a 2,000-year-old drink.

Researchers are using ancient grape seeds and genetic testing to recreate the ancient wines drunk by Jesus Christ, King David and their contemporaries.
They have found around 120 unique grape varieties that appear to be indigenous to Israel, 50 of which were domesticated and 20 are suitable for wine production
Dr Elyashiv Drori, an oenologist at Ariel University who is leading the research, is also using seeds found at the ruins of Jewish temples alongside shards of clay marked in ancient Hebrew with the words 'smooth wine' to find out if these varieties were used to make wine.
His team is using these to identify rare grapes growing in isolated locations around Israel that may match these ancient varieties.
They hope their work may eventually be possible to use the ancient fruit DNA to engineer vines that can produce these grapes again.
Dr Drori have already teamed up with a winery to produce a white wine from an almost extinct type of grape called marawi.
This grape is thought to have been grown in Bethlehem and originates to around 220AD. 
The Recanati Winery produced 2,480 bottles of the wine last year.
Speaking to The New York Times, Dr Drori said: 'All our scriptures are full with wine and with grapes - before the French were even thinking about making wine, we were exporting wine.
'We have a very ancient identity, and for me, reconstructing this identity is very important. For me, it's a matter of national pride.'
The research team have been given $750,000 (£497,600) to identify ancient Israeli grape varieties.
Among the other grape seeds the researchers are looking into include those found in donkey droppings found in Timna. 
This region is home to copper mines that date to the 10th century BC when King Solomon ruled.
Dr Drori believes the animals may have been fed pomace, the residue left after winemaking.
In total, the researchers are attempting to create wine from 30 different grape varieties found growing on the shores of the Sea of Galilee and in the foothills of Jerusalem.
His team are using DNA testing to match these existing grapes to those ancient remains thought to have been used in wine making in the past.
Among those are Dabouki, which might be one of the oldest of the Israeli varieties and could be a good candidate for one of the wines drunk by Jesus and his disciples.
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A LETTER TO OUR DAUGHTER: ZUCKERBERGS' CHARITY PLEDGE 

Dear Max,
Your mother and I don't yet have the words to describe the hope you give us for the future. Your new life is full of promise, and we hope you will be happy and healthy so you can explore it fully. You've already given us a reason to reflect on the world we hope you live in.

Like all parents, we want you to grow up in a world better than ours today.
While headlines often focus on what's wrong, in many ways the world is getting better. Health is improving. Poverty is shrinking. Knowledge is growing. People are connecting. Technological progress in every field means your life should be dramatically better than ours today.
We will do our part to make this happen, not only because we love you, but also because we have a moral responsibility to all children in the next generation.
We believe all lives have equal value, and that includes the many more people who will live in future generations than live today. Our society has an obligation to invest now to improve the lives of all those coming into this world, not just those already here.
But right now, we don't always collectively direct our resources at the biggest opportunities and problems your generation will face.
Consider disease. Today we spend about 50 times more as a society treating people who are sick than we invest in research so you won't get sick in the first place.
Medicine has only been a real science for less than 100 years, and we've already seen complete cures for some diseases and good progress for others. As technology accelerates, we have a real shot at preventing, curing or managing all or most of the rest in the next 100 years.
Today, most people die from five things -- heart disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases -- and we can make faster progress on these and other problems.
Once we recognize that your generation and your children's generation may not have to suffer from disease, we collectively have a responsibility to tilt our investments a bit more towards the future to make this reality. Your mother and I want to do our part.
Curing disease will take time. Over short periods of five or ten years, it may not seem like we're making much of a difference. But over the long term, seeds planted now will grow, and one day, you or your children will see what we can only imagine: a world without suffering from disease.
There are so many opportunities just like this. If society focuses more of its energy on these great challenges, we will leave your generation a much better world.
• • •
Our hopes for your generation focus on two ideas: advancing human potential and promoting equality.
Advancing human potential is about pushing the boundaries on how great a human life can be.
Can you learn and experience 100 times more than we do today?
Can our generation cure disease so you live much longer and healthier lives?
Can we connect the world so you have access to every idea, person and opportunity?
Can we harness more clean energy so you can invent things we can't conceive of today while protecting the environment?
Can we cultivate entrepreneurship so you can build any business and solve any challenge to grow peace and prosperity?
Promoting equality is about making sure everyone has access to these opportunities -- regardless of the nation, families or circumstances they are born into.
Our society must do this not only for justice or charity, but for the greatness of human progress.
Today we are robbed of the potential so many have to offer. The only way to achieve our full potential is to channel the talents, ideas and contributions of every person in the world.
Can our generation eliminate poverty and hunger?
Can we provide everyone with basic healthcare?
Can we build inclusive and welcoming communities?
Can we nurture peaceful and understanding relationships between people of all nations?
Can we truly empower everyone -- women, children, underrepresented minorities, immigrants and the unconnected?
If our generation makes the right investments, the answer to each of these questions can be yes -- and hopefully within your lifetime.
• • •
This mission -- advancing human potential and promoting equality -- will require a new approach for all working towards these goals.
We must make long term investments over 25, 50 or even 100 years. The greatest challenges require very long time horizons and cannot be solved by short term thinking.
We must engage directly with the people we serve. We can't empower people if we don't understand the needs and desires of their communities.
We must build technology to make change. Many institutions invest money in these challenges, but most progress comes from productivity gains through innovation.
We must participate in policy and advocacy to shape debates. Many institutions are unwilling to do this, but progress must be supported by movements to be sustainable.
We must back the strongest and most independent leaders in each field. Partnering with experts is more effective for the mission than trying to lead efforts ourselves.
We must take risks today to learn lessons for tomorrow. We're early in our learning and many things we try won't work, but we'll listen and learn and keep improving.
• • •
Our experience with personalized learning, internet access, and community education and health has shaped our philosophy.
Our generation grew up in classrooms where we all learned the same things at the same pace regardless of our interests or needs.
Your generation will set goals for what you want to become -- like an engineer, health worker, writer or community leader. You'll have technology that understands how you learn best and where you need to focus. You'll advance quickly in subjects that interest you most, and get as much help as you need in your most challenging areas. You'll explore topics that aren't even offered in schools today. Your teachers will also have better tools and data to help you achieve your goals.
Even better, students around the world will be able to use personalized learning tools over the internet, even if they don't live near good schools. Of course it will take more than technology to give everyone a fair start in life, but personalized learning can be one scalable way to give all children a better education and more equal opportunity.
We're starting to build this technology now, and the results are already promising. Not only do students perform better on tests, but they gain the skills and confidence to learn anything they want. And this journey is just beginning. The technology and teaching will rapidly improve every year you're in school.
Your mother and I have both taught students and we've seen what it takes to make this work. It will take working with the strongest leaders in education to help schools around the world adopt personalized learning. It will take engaging with communities, which is why we're starting in our San Francisco Bay Area community. It will take building new technology and trying new ideas. And it will take making mistakes and learning many lessons before achieving these goals.
But once we understand the world we can create for your generation, we have a responsibility as a society to focus our investments on the future to make this reality.
Together, we can do this. And when we do, personalized learning will not only help students in good schools, it will help provide more equal opportunity to anyone with an internet connection.
• • •
Many of the greatest opportunities for your generation will come from giving everyone access to the internet.
People often think of the internet as just for entertainment or communication. But for the majority of people in the world, the internet can be a lifeline.
It provides education if you don't live near a good school. It provides health information on how to avoid diseases or raise healthy children if you don't live near a doctor. It provides financial services if you don't live near a bank. It provides access to jobs and opportunities if you don't live in a good economy.
The internet is so important that for every 10 people who gain internet access, about one person is lifted out of poverty and about one new job is created.
Yet still more than half of the world's population -- more than 4 billion people -- don't have access to the internet.
If our generation connects them, we can lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. We can also help hundreds of millions of children get an education and save millions of lives by helping people avoid disease.
This is another long term effort that can be advanced by technology and partnership. It will take inventing new technology to make the internet more affordable and bring access to unconnected areas. It will take partnering with governments, non-profits and companies. It will take engaging with communities to understand what they need. Good people will have different views on the best path forward, and we will try many efforts before we succeed.
But together we can succeed and create a more equal world.
• • •
Technology can't solve problems by itself. Building a better world starts with building strong and healthy communities.
Children have the best opportunities when they can learn. And they learn best when they're healthy.
Health starts early -- with loving family, good nutrition and a safe, stable environment.
Children who face traumatic experiences early in life often develop less healthy minds and bodies. Studies show physical changes in brain development leading to lower cognitive ability.
Your mother is a doctor and educator, and she has seen this firsthand.
If you have an unhealthy childhood, it's difficult to reach your full potential.
If you have to wonder whether you'll have food or rent, or worry about abuse or crime, then it's difficult to reach your full potential.
If you fear you'll go to prison rather than college because of the color of your skin, or that your family will be deported because of your legal status, or that you may be a victim of violence because of your religion, sexual orientation or gender identity, then it's difficult to reach your full potential.
We need institutions that understand these issues are all connected. That's the philosophy of the new type of school your mother is building.
By partnering with schools, health centers, parent groups and local governments, and by ensuring all children are well fed and cared for starting young, we can start to treat these inequities as connected. Only then can we collectively start to give everyone an equal opportunity.
It will take many years to fully develop this model. But it's another example of how advancing human potential and promoting equality are tightly linked. If we want either, we must first build inclusive and healthy communities.
• • •
For your generation to live in a better world, there is so much more our generation can do.
Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges. I will continue to serve as Facebook's CEO for many, many years to come, but these issues are too important to wait until you or we are older to begin this work. By starting at a young age, we hope to see compounding benefits throughout our lives.
As you begin the next generation of the Chan Zuckerberg family, we also begin the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to join people across the world to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Our initial areas of focus will be personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and building strong communities.
We will give 99% of our Facebook shares -- currently about $45 billion -- during our lives to advance this mission. We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those already working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.
We'll share more details in the coming months once we settle into our new family rhythm and return from our maternity and paternity leaves. We understand you'll have many questions about why and how we're doing this.
As we become parents and enter this next chapter of our lives, we want to share our deep appreciation for everyone who makes this possible.
We can do this work only because we have a strong global community behind us. Building Facebook has created resources to improve the world for the next generation. Every member of the Facebook community is playing a part in this work.
We can make progress towards these opportunities only by standing on the shoulders of experts -- our mentors, partners and many incredible people whose contributions built these fields.
And we can only focus on serving this community and this mission because we are surrounded by loving family, supportive friends and amazing colleagues. We hope you will have such deep and inspiring relationships in your life too.
Max, we love you and feel a great responsibility to leave the world a better place for you and all children. We wish you a life filled with the same love, hope and joy you give us. We can't wait to see what you bring to this world.
Love,
Mom and Dad 
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Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan have welcomed their first child - a baby girl called Max - into the world, and used her arrival to announce plans to give away most of their $45 billion fortune.

The Silicon Valley billionaire and his doctor wife shared the news of the baby's birth in a Facebook post entitled, 'A letter to our daughter'. 
Included in the lengthy post was the couple's pledge to donate the vast majority of their fortune to future generations. They will donate 99% of their Facebook shares - currently valued at $45 billion - to the work of a new charitable foundation, the letter claims. 
That would leave them with $450 million for themselves and their new child - based on Facebook's current valuation, plus any other private wealth held by the couple. 
The letter was accompanied with a picture of the proud new parents tenderly holding their newborn wrapped in a Aden And Anais swaddle cloth covered in cartoon caterpillars. The designer blankets are sold in $50 four-packs.
'Dear Max,' the 2234 word post reads. 'Your mother and I don't yet have the words to describe the hope you give us for the future. Your new life is full of promise, and we hope you will be happy and healthy so you can explore it fully. You've already given us a reason to reflect on the world we hope you live in.' 
The post did not reveal when little Max was born or her full name.  
The couple announced Priscilla's pregnancy on Facebook earlier this year - acknowledging their long struggle with fertility issues and revealing they had suffered several miscarriages before conceiving their healthy little girl.
They used the open letter as an opportunity to describe 'the world we hope she grows up in'. 
'Like all parents, we want you to grow up in a world better than ours today,' it says. 'While headlines often focus on what's wrong, in many ways the world is getting better. Health is improving. Poverty is shrinking. Knowledge is growing. People are connecting. Technological progress in every field means your life should be dramatically better than ours today.
'We will do our part to make this happen, not only because we love you, but also because we have a moral responsibility to all children in the next generation.
'We believe all lives have equal value, and that includes the many more people who will live in future generations than live today. Our society has an obligation to invest now to improve the lives of all those coming into this world, not just those already here.' 
ater in the letter, the couple outline how they intend to make such a difference. 
'As you begin the next generation of the Chan Zuckerberg family, we also begin the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to join people across the world to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Our initial areas of focus will be personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and building strong communities.
'We will give 99% of our Facebook shares -- currently about $45 billion -- during our lives to advance this mission,' the letter says. 'We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those already working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.
'We'll share more details in the coming months once we settle into our new family rhythm and return from our maternity and paternity leaves. We understand you'll have many questions about why and how we're doing this.' 
Facebook's Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg, wrote in response: 'This is a beautiful letter and an incredible commitment to future generations.'
Notoriously private Zuckerberg, 31, has been more public with the pregnancy and birth of his daughter than many would have previously expected. 
The CEO announced he would be taking two months paternity leave following Max's birth and outlined a new proposal to give Facebook fathers the option of four months leave on full pay. 
He said he made the 'personal decision' to take time off after reading studies that show 'when working parents take time to be with their newborns, outcomes are better for the children and families'. 
Back in August when  they announced they were expecting their first child they  also revealed they had suffered several heartbreaking miscarriages along the way. 
In a candid Facebook post, the couple detailed the heartache and loneliness they had experienced as a result. 

WELCOME MAX ZUCKERBERG: THE PERSONAL NOTES BY HER PARENTS 

The Zuckerbergs both shared personal messages welcoming baby Max into the world as well as releasing their open letter detailing plans to give away their fortune in her lifetime.  
Mark Zuckerberg wrote: 'Priscilla and I are so happy to welcome our daughter Max into this world!
'For her birth, we wrote a letter to her about the world we hope she grows up in.'
'It's a world where our generation can advance human potential and promote equality -- by curing disease, personalizing learning, harnessing clean energy, connecting people, building strong communities, reducing poverty, providing equal rights and spreading understanding across nations.'
Priscilla Chan Zuckerberg wrote: 'I am beyond thrilled to introduce you to our Max. Her being fills us with hope and inspires us to join others in creating a better future.' 
'We want to share one experience to start. We've been trying to have a child for a couple of years and have had three miscarriages along the way.' 
'You feel so hopeful when you learn you're going to have a child. You start imagining who they'll become and dreaming of hopes for their future. You start making plans, and then they're gone. It's a lonely experience,' the couple said. 
'Most people don't discuss miscarriages because you worry your problems will distance you or reflect upon you, as if you're defective or did something to cause this. So you struggle on your own.
'In today's open and connected world, discussing these issues doesn't distance us; it brings us together. It creates understanding and tolerance, and it gives us hope.
'When we started talking to our friends, we realized how frequently this happened -- that many people we knew had similar issues and that nearly all had healthy children after all.
'We hope that sharing our experience will give more people the same hope we felt and will help more people feel comfortable sharing their stories as well.'
In Tuesday's letter Zuckerberg and Chan outline their plans to dedicate much of their new charity's work to health research. The move is unsurprising given Chan's training and work as a doctor in San Francisco and shows the foundation is a labor of love between the pair. The couple will also dedicate their fortune to education, 'promoting equality, connecting people and building strong communities'.
'Today we spend about 50 times more as a society treating people who are sick than we invest in research so you won't get sick in the first place,' the open letter explains. 
'Medicine has only been a real science for less than 100 years, and we've already seen complete cures for some diseases and good progress for others. As technology accelerates, we have a real shot at preventing, curing or managing all or most of the rest in the next 100 years.
'Today, most people die from five things -- heart disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases -- and we can make faster progress on these and other problems.
'Once we recognize that your generation and your children's generation may not have to suffer from disease, we collectively have a responsibility to tilt our investments a bit more towards the future to make this reality. Your mother and I want to do our part.
Great expectations: The couple have vowed to use their riches to improve life for future generations including their daughter Max
Great expectations: The couple have vowed to use their riches to improve life for future generations including their daughter Max
'Curing disease will take time. Over short periods of five or ten years, it may not seem like we're making much of a difference. But over the long term, seeds planted now will grow, and one day, you or your children will see what we can only imagine: a world without suffering from disease.'
The couple also revealed their dedication to San Francisco, pledging to begin their investment in education there before expanding it to the rest of the U.S.
Introducing the letter both Zuckerberg and Chan, 30, shared personal messages about the arrival of Max on their individual Facebook pages. 
Zuckerberg wrote: 'Priscilla and I are so happy to welcome our daughter Max into this world!
'For her birth, we wrote a letter to her about the world we hope she grows up in.'
'It's a world where our generation can advance human potential and promote equality -- by curing disease, personalizing learning, harnessing clean energy, connecting people, building strong communities, reducing poverty, providing equal rights and spreading understanding across nations.'
Chan wrote: 'I am beyond thrilled to introduce you to our Max. Her being fills us with hope and inspires us to join others in creating a better future.' 
Zuckerberg and Chan met at a party in Harvard in Zuckerberg's sophomore year and began dating in 2003. 
They married in his backyard in 2012 when Chan also celebrated her graduation from medical school. 
Tuesday's announcement was backed by a formal securities filing outlining that Zuckerberg would give away no more than $1 billion in Facebook holdings each year for the next three years. He also underlined his ongoing dedication to Facebook, retaining his majority voting position for 'the foreseeable future'. 
Though by far the biggest charitable pledge by the couple to date, they have been involved in many philanthropic endeavors since Zuckerberg first made his name and fortune. 
They have donated millions on work to improve education through the use of technology and earlier this week Zuckerberg was revealed as a signatory of the Breakthrough Energy Coalition founded by Bill Gates to coincide with the Paris climate change summit of world leaders.
The latest pledge puts the Zuckerbergs up there with America's most generous philanthropists alongside the likes of Bill and Melinda Gates who have given $30 billion to the work of their foundation and plan to continue donating their private wealth 

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You might assume that those approaching their twilight years may no longer have the spark for passion-filled romances.

But, according to research, the older generation still regard desiring their partner as an important factor in their love lives.
In a study which separated a person's needs from the length of their relationship, psychologists found that, although there was a slight drop in the importance placed on sexual attraction after the age of 60, it did not dip further after that.
And the report, which analysed data from people aged 20-95, found that the need for cosy companionship was no greater in the older daters than the younger ones.
'Contrary to the stereotype, older adults still value sexual attraction quite highly,' said the researchers from the University of California.
'There is no consistent evidence that communication or companionate characteristics are valued more at older ages.'
For their study, the academics analysed data from nearly 5,500 men and women who had signed up to the online dating site eHarmony.
The site asks users to complete a mandatory questionnaire that scrutinises their characteristics and goals, by asking them to rate the importance of various items on a scale.
The researchers split the data into four groups: 'young' users under age 40, 'middle-aged' users aged 40-59, 'young-old' users age 60-74 and 'old-old' users age 75 and above.
While there was evidence that 'users approaching age 60 and older valued sexual attraction less than younger users…there were no significant age differences among the users older than 60, and they still valued sexual attraction highly', the researchers wrote in the journal Psychology & Aging.
'Overall, young-old and old-old users had similar preferences in this sample.'
The researchers said that while older adults tend to have longer relationships, which in turn are associated with 'declining sexual, passionate love and more friendship-based, companionate love', by studying new relationships they were able to analyse the influence of 'age separate from relationship duration'.
'Comparing younger and older adults seeking a new relationship provides a more equivalent starting point than comparing long-time married couples to newlyweds,' they wrote.
Josephine Menkin, one of the study's authors, added that often people resist starting a new relationship in later life because of certain 'barriers', such as concerns about upsetting adult children.
'It is possible that older adults who are using online dating are especially highly motivated to re-partner, and sexual interest may be one of the motivating factors that encourages people to actively seek a partner online, instead of just seeing if they happen to meet someone in person,' she said.
Less surprisingly, the researchers found that across the age groups, men consistently valued sexual attraction slightly more than women, with ladies placing a greater relative emphasis on companionship than the chaps.
Additionally, they found that divorcees were more concerned with feeling the spark of desire with a new partner than the daters who had never been married.

CAN SHARING A HUSBAND BE GOOD FOR WOMEN? POLYGAMOUS HOUSEHOLDS ARE WEALTHIER AND HAVE HEALTHIER CHILDREN

Polygyny, where a man has more than one wife, was found to be beneficial to the entire household in a study by UC Davies
It's the dream of some men and the nightmare of others.
But now scientists have discovered that having multiple wives can actually be good for the entire family.
A new study into polygyny - where a man has more than one wife (polygamy is the umbrella term for multiple marriages) - found it lead to greater health and wealth for women and their children.
While countries around the globe ban or restrict marriages to more than one spouse at a time, UC Davis researchers looked at the established practice in parts of Tanzania.
They compared polygynous and monogamous households in 56 villages in northern parts of the country, where polygyny is widespread among certain ethnic groups, including the Maasai. 
It was found that polygynous households often had better access to food and healthier children. 
They also owned more cattle and farmed more land than monogamous households. 
'If you have a choice of a guy who has 180 cows, lots of land and other wives, it might be better for you to marry him rather than a guy who has no wives, three cows and one acre,' said anthropologist and study lead, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder.
Scientists suggest the findings support early accounts of marriage - that polygyny can be in a woman's strategic interest when they depend on men for resources. 
The practice of taking several wives has been practiced for many centuries by cultures from all over the world.
It can often be found in areas where food is scarce and there is poor health among children.
But rather than being the cause of this, researchers suggest it can be beneficial to these people. 
So while the United Nations states that polygyny contravenes a woman's right to equality with men and that such marriages ought to be discouraged and prohibited, the study found this a depended on local factors.
They suggest that in some settings, prohibiting polygyny could be disadvantageous to women by restricting their marriage options.
'The issue is not the number of partners,' Professor Borgerhoff Mulder said. 'Women should be assured the autonomy to make the decisions they want'
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Men prefer women who are far more intelligent than themselves - but only in long distance relationships, researchers have found.
They say that in 'live' interactions, men were generally less attracted to women who were smarter. 

Researchers say it sheds new light on why opposites attract - but only sometimes.
'We found that men preferred women who are smarter than them in psychologically distant situations,' said Lora Park, associate professor in the UB Department of Psychology and the study's principal investigator. 
'Men rely on their ideal preferences when a woman is hypothetical or imagined.
'But in live interaction, men distanced themselves and were less attracted to a woman who outperformed them in intelligence.' 
The new study by a University at Buffalo-led research team published in the latest edition of the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin concluded psychological distance — whether someone is construed as being near or far in relation to the self — plays a key role in determining attraction.
'It's the distinction between the abstract and the immediate,' says Park. 
'There is a disconnect between what people appear to like in the abstract when someone is unknown and when that same person is with them in some immediate social context.'
Even though the research focus of the current study was on romantic attraction and, specifically, men's interest in women, Park says the result might potentially be a broader phenomenon, extending to other interpersonal situations.
'That's a question for future research,' she said. 
'But presumably, anyone who is outperformed by someone close to them might feel threatened themselves. 
'We just happened to look at men in a romantic dating context.'
Park's team conducted six separate studies involving 650 young adult subjects. 
The studies ranged from presenting subjects with hypothetical women, to women they expected to meet, to actually engaging in an interpersonal interaction.
'In each case, how much you like someone or how much you are attracted to them is affected by how intelligent that person is relative to you and how close that person is relative to you,' said Park.
But the area of performance has to be something important to the individual.
'The domain matters,' says Park.
'If you don't care about the domain, you might not be threatened.
'Yet, if you care a lot about the domain, then you might prefer that quality in somebody who is distant, then feel threatened when that person gets close to you.'
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Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise’s daughter Suri was left crying on the bathroom floor during a dinner before the couple’s wedding, Leah Remini claims in her new Scientology tell-all.

Remini also claims that Cruise and former wife Nicole Kidman’s adopted children were heavily into Scientology and said they only spoke to their mother when forced.
In her exposé, Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology, Remini claims that Suri, who was then seven months old, could be heard wailing throughout the star-studded dinner.
After five minutes, she went to to check on the baby and found Cruise’s sister, his assistant and another woman staring at the infant who was left lying on the bathroom floor, according to the New York Daily News.
Remini claims in the book, which will be released on Tuesday, that the three women were staring at Suri as though she was ‘L Ron Hubbard incarnate’, a rebirth of the religion’s founder.
She writes in her book that she finally convinced the women to pick up Suri, who was still crying, and give her a warm bottle of milk.
After the lavish 2006 Cruise-Holmes wedding, Remini said she shared a ride to the airport with Cruise and Kidman’s adopted kids Bella and Connor.
She asked the pair if they had seen their mother recently.
‘Not if I have a choice,’ Bella said, according to the book. ‘Our mom is a f*****g SP.’
In Scientology terminology, SP is an acronym for Suppressive Person, an enemy of the church.
Speaking with 20/20 of Friday, Remini detailed her years in Scientology and why she decided to leave the religion.
She said that after attending the 2006 wedding of Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes in Italy, she returned home complaining about the behavior of two high-ranking Church members who she thought needed to be dealt with - Cruise and leader David Miscavige.
'I now see where the cracks are in our Church, and it's David Miscavige. It's Tom Cruise,' Remini said she wrote at the time in a knowledge report.
'They are bringing Scientology down.'
In her upcoming book, she compares the reception to a high school dance.
She claimed Norman Starkey was ‘humping Brooke Shields on the dance floor’ and that Scientology's married Chairman David Miscavige was treating his assistant like they were on a date.
Remini said there were multiple incidents at the wedding that made her upset, including her belief that the Church was trying to recruit her friend Jennifer Lopez.
The King of Queens actress said that she was invited to Cruise's wedding but asked that she bring her best friend J Lo and her husband Marc Antony.
'The Church was really the one who invited them. On Tom’s behalf,' said Remini.
Once Remini and her husband Angelo Pagan arrived the the wedding however with Lopez and Antony, Remini said that she felt they were constantly trying to separate the two women.
Remini claims that they were sat at different tables, and even driven to the venues over the course of the wedding weekend in different cars.
'They were always trying to extract me,' said Remini.
'I could only assume because they wanted to make Jennifer a Scientologist and maybe I was barring that road for them.'
Even more of an issue for Remini however was the absence of her friend Shelly Miscavige, the wife of the Church's leader.
'Shelly was always where David Miscavige was,' Remini explained in the interview.
'It was a wedding of the century… it was like, "where’s Shelly?"'
Making things even more odd was that she could never get an answer when she asked people at the wedding.
'It’s such a simple thing. It’s a big wedding that the leader of the Church is here and his wife isn't. It’s getting weirder because you're making it weirder,' said Remini.
She also recalled how odd she found it when Cruise serenaded his new bride with the song You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' which was featured in his film Top Gun.
'Interesting song to sing to your bride,' said Remini.
That is when she returned home and wrote down why she believed Cruise and Miscavive were the problems with the Church, only to be punished and attacked by members including Katie Holmes.
'I was dismayed at the behavior of Leah Remini during the events leading up to our wedding,' Holmes allegedly wrote in a knowledge report that Remini read during the interview.
'At the wedding, the behavior as a guest, a friend ... was very upsetting.'
Holmes released a statement on Friday saying; 'I regret having upset Leah in the past and wish her only the best in the future.'
Soon after, Remini was sent to the Church's Sea Org facility in Florida for 'reprogramming,' spending every day from 9am to 10pm being audited.
'Basically they were just trying to get me to recant what I said, to apologize for ruining the wedding of the century,' said Remini.
She was billed $300,000 for the treatments.
This was not the first time Remini had been put off by Cruise's behavior, saying that she was also concerned when she saw the things he was doing and saying shortly after he began dating Holmes - starting with when he infamously began jumping up and down on Oprah's couch.
'I’m saying, "I don’t think he’s becoming of a Scientologist, jumping on couches, and attacking Matt Lauer. And attacking Brooke Shields,"' said Remini.
'What the hell is this guy doing? We need to rein it in, we need to stop all this, and he just needs to be an actor.'
Remini continued to have a good relationship with Cruise even after his wedding though, and wrote an apology to Miscavige for the things she said about the church leader accusing herself of 'acting like a complete idiot at the wedding.'
She also continued to rise in the Church, to the point where she reached the level of Operating Thetan 3 and was able to read Scientology's secret scripture, which she described as 'crazy sh*t.'
'It was some galactic confederation. There was a war and there was a volcano and they bodied, you know, they took the spirits of people and they encased them into something, into a volcano, blew them up and then those spirits are now inside of you, on you, in you, like you are made up of these things,' explained Remini.
At this point Remini, who joined Scientology with her mother and sister when she was just 8-years-old, had been a member of the Church for more than 30 years.
She said that the thought of leaving was difficult after seeing how families were separated, with members often choosing the Church over their own flesh and blood.
Remini found out about these separations after going online, something Church members are advised to avoid doing at all times.
'I was heartbroken for myself, for my family. I didn’t want these things to be true,' said Remini.
It was when Holmes finally decided to divorce Cruise that Remini began to get serious about leaving, saying the end of their union brought back memories of what had happened to her after she returned home from their lavish wedding and voiced how upset she was with Church leaders.
Remini said she reached out to former church leader Mike Rinder - a man who is despised by Scientologists - and that soon after the Church came to her home very upset.
The actress had decided after speaking with Rinder to again ask where Shelly Miscavage was, and still she was not getting an answer.
Pagan said that at one point one of the two officials who came to their home called Remini a 'bitch,' and at that point he grabbed the man by the collar.
That is when Remini decided to leave - and her family all willingly left along with her.
'I’m ready to walk away from everybody that I’ve ever known and cut ties with my own husband, my own mother, because you don’t know what they’re going to decide,' Remini said she thought at the time.
'Very often, my experience is people choose the Church.'
Her mother Vicky said there was never a question that family was more important than the Church.
Since leaving the church in 2013, Remini has become an outspoken critic of the religion, and much of her new autobiography, Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology, is dedicated to her years in the church.
It will be released on November 4.
Remini got her start with guest roles on major shows like Cheers, Saved by the Bell and NYPD Blue before landing the lead on King of Queens.
She filmed over 200 episodes of the show while also starring in films such as Old School.
After Queens ended its run she appeared as a host on The Talk, one Dancing With the Stars and acting on the TV Land show The Exes.
She and her family currently star in the TLC reality show Leah Remini: It's All Relative.
Scientology is also still keeping a close eye on Remini, as witnessed in security footage aired by ABC that showed members of the church dropping off a large packet about the actress at their New York headquarters on Tuesday.
'Leah Remini knows the truth she conveniently rewrites in her revisionist history,' wrote the Church.
'The real story is that she desperately tried to remain a Scientologist in 2013, knowing full well she was on the verge of being expelled for refusing to abide by the high level of ethics and decency Scientologists are expected to maintain.
'Her repeated ethical lapses and callous treatment of others led to an ecclesiastical review which resulted in her being expelled.
'She now regurgitates the tired myths the Church has repeatedly debunked, circulated by the same tiny clique of expelled former staffers bitter at having lost the positions they enjoyed before their malfeasance and unethical conduct were uncovered.
'Ms. Remini is now joined at the hip with this collection of deadbeats, admitted liars, self-admitted perjurers, wife beaters and worse.'
Remini was not surprised by this, admitting that she was a flawed person before her interview began, saying she knew that the Church would come out attacking her.
'I know what my former Church-- how they deal with people who tell their story,' said Remini.
'And so I wanted to be the one to say it.'
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She may be living in a gilded cage, but oh what a lovely cage it is.
Having complained about her fame stopping her from being a 'normal' teenager, Kylie Jenner shared the upside with subscribers to her website www.thekyliejenner.com on Saturday.

'My new pool seriously makes me so happy,' she wrote, sharing pictures of a newly built swimming pool at her $2.7million Calabasas mansion.
Of course what's a swimming pool without a bikini? And Kylie posted what will undoubtedly be the first of many shots of herself posing in her swimwear.
Looking away from the camera, she peered into her new purchase, showing off her body in a God Saves Queens bathing suit.
Kylie told her fans that completing the pool was the first on her bucketlist.
'After turning 18, I realized it's going to be a huge year for me and there are so many badass things I want to achieve,' explained the teen. 'So I've created a bucket list of 19 things I want to conquer before I turn 19.
'The past few months, I've been dying to get my pool done at the new house. There was constant drilling outside, but now that the construction is mostly done my friends and I started to hang outside and finally enjoy it!!!
'My new pool seriously makes me so happy. Now all I have to do is get some more furniture — and pool toys!'
Kylie's paid-for website has proved popular with her young fans - winning even more subscribers than her big sister Kim Kardashian. 
However, as Kylie tells Time magazine, it's not all fun being so rich and powerful at such a young age.
Having been named one of the magazine's 'most influential' teens, she explained how fame kept her from enjoying normal teenage pursuits.
Asked if she wished she could be more 'normal', Kylie replied: 'I dream about it. I never wish to have somebody else’s life—I was meant to have this life for a reason, and I’m going to make the best out of it.
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Kim Kardashian wore big sister Kourtney's hand-me-down Wonder Woman costume in an adorable retro childhood snap posted on Halloween.

The half-Armenian socialites, now 35 and 36, and their families frequently spend time together and share several businesses including their E! series.
And in a 1982 home movie pregnant Kim shared, she's wearing a pumpkin costume while Kourtney is wearing the same Wonder Woman costume
Their late father, attorney Robert Kardashian, could be heard filming the siblings: 'Kourtney is three and a half and Kimberly is two years old.'
The wife of Kanye West also posted a later snap of their momager Kris Jenner showcasing a pumpkin-decorated cake alongside Princess Kourtney and Snow White Kim.
The single mother-of-three - who once donned a rainbow afro as a clown - was definitely in a nostaligic mood for the autumnal pagan holiday. 
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